The boiler manual is a set of rules and requirements that are attached in hard copy to each model. Despite the variety of gas heating equipment, the principles of use and safety are the same for all models.
The principle of operation of the boiler
Gas heaters can vary structurally and in technical parameters, but there is only one principle for creating heat in a house - heating a heat carrier (water / antifreeze) with burning gas (natural / liquefied). The supply of gaseous fuel to the living room is not the easiest and safest thing, but consumers are attracted to gas, its comparative low cost and versatility.
Blue fuel can be used not only for heating, but also for heating household water, using columns or dual-circuit models of heaters. Modern equipment is equipped with effective safety systems that prevent all possible emergency situations. Nevertheless, there are operating rules that are mandatory and are a guarantee of safe operation.
Precautions
Despite the desire of manufacturers for the safety of gas appliances, they can still become a source of danger. The Ministry of Emergency Situations regularly reminds the owners of any equipment operating on gas about safety measures:
- You need to buy gas-powered appliances at organizations that have an appropriate sale license.
- Installation should only be carried out by specialists from the relevant services.
- The kit should contain an instruction manual.
- It is forbidden to change the design of the device in any way.
- A technical check is required annually.
- It is forbidden to reduce ventilation openings in windows and walls.
- In the presence of tight windows, it is necessary to organize the flow of air.
- Do not store materials that can ignite quickly in a boiler room.
- It is forbidden to increase the temperature of the coolant above 90 ° C.
Posting Rules
- The area of the room in which the heater is installed is at least 7.5 m².
- Ceilings - from 2.2 m.
- There should be a window providing air access from the street.
- The door should open in the direction of movement of the person leaving the room.
- It is forbidden to equip switches in the boiler room. If they are already installed, they will have to be taken outside the premises.
- Supply and exhaust ventilation must be equipped. For every m³ of fuel consumed - 15 m² of air.
- The distance from the heater to elements capable of burning is 25 cm or more. To non-combustible elements - 5 cm. From the chimney to combustible parts - 40 cm, to non-combustible - 15 cm.
- The device is mounted on a perfectly flat plane, without slopes.
Chimney requirements
- The chimney material is steel. It is recommended to use a stainless steel.
- Be sure to have clean hatches and condensate drain. At the bottom of the chimney there should be a pocket in which deposits accumulate.
- The chimney is equipped with external thermal insulation, which is protected from moisture (condensate, precipitation).
- Chimney height - from 5 m and at least 2 cm above the outlet pipe.
- The chimney is installed on the receiving plate of the vapor trap.
- The expansion tank is installed at the highest point in the system.
- A safety group and a thermometer are installed on the supply pipe.
- The device is undesirable to put in openings, niches and other inaccessible places.
How to use
In modern models of heaters, human participation is minimized. Before the device is started, it is connected to:
- gas pipeline - gas service workers;
- heating pipes;
- water supply - representatives of organizations serving heating systems.
The first launch is also carried out by service workers. If during the connection and service the instructions are violated, the warranty will be voided. Equipment should only be used for the purposes specified by the manufacturer.
Original parts must be used during installation, maintenance and repair. If a breakdown or incorrect operation is detected, the user must immediately shut off the gas by the valve and call the gas service or service. It is strictly forbidden to carry out repairs yourself.
When performing any work with or near the duct or chimney, gas shutdown is mandatory. After completing work, they check the functionality of the chimney and duct, and only then start to start the device.
How to turn off the boiler
If the device will not be used for a long time, perform the following actions:
- Block the gas valve.
- If the equipment is volatile, you must disconnect the automation and the water pump from the mains.
- Shut off the valves of water supply and heating.
- If it is supposed to lower the temperature below zero, you will have to drain the water.
- Call a specialist to permanently turn off the equipment.
The heater is also turned off for cleaning. Clean it with a damp cloth with a mild detergent and soap. Do not use aggressive substances.
Safety system
Gas-fired appliances need serious monitoring. It is provided by either a person or an automation system. The latter is able to provide multi-stage protection, which prevents dangerous situations and increases the safety of equipment. The main task of the protection system is to turn off the device in time, stopping the supply of fuel.
Consider the steps of protection on the example of the floor boiler "Proterm Wolf KSO". These modern devices have multi-stage protection. One of the steps is the ionization sensor, which monitors the flame. If the fire goes out, a signal will be sent to the control unit, it will block the flow of fuel and prevent an accident.
The combustion chamber has a temperature sensor that monitors the heating of the coolant and does not allow rapid burning of the furnace. "Wolves" are equipped with a KTD system - chimney draft control. It prevents the accumulation of carbon monoxide. If there is no draft, the accumulation of combustion products in the chimney begins, the thermostat heats up. When the temperature limit is reached, the thermostat contacts open - the flow of fuel stops.
Auto protection
Modern models of heaters are saturated with electronic instrumentation that generates signals for the control unit. Automation, receiving signals from sensors, coordinates the operation of all nodes. Safety valves, expansion vessels, air valves, smoke detectors, and other devices that prevent all kinds of malfunctions and problems are safety valves.
What to do if a malfunction occurs
Consider the situation with breakdowns on the example of Italian Baxi boilers. Italian wall and floor heaters are an example of quality and efficiency. But even with proper use, malfunctions can occur that require prompt repair.
The following problems may appear in the Baksi models:
- the burner does not light;
- during operation in the firebox, claps are heard;
- the boiler overheated;
- the device is very noisy;
- The sensor has failed.
The probable causes of breakdowns are associated both with violations of the operating rules, and with reasons beyond the control of the user:
- moisture has entered the device;
- low quality coolant;
- the pressure in the gas pipeline has decreased;
- in the mains voltage drop;
- errors during installation.
Violation of at least one rule or norm leads to breakdowns, incorrect operation and extra costs.
Frost protection
One of the important rules for the operation of heating systems is to ensure the minimum permissible temperature of the coolant. If water is poured into the system, then at low temperatures freezing occurs, pipes and radiators become unusable. In modern models, this problem is solved - the user is spared the need to monitor the coolant.
So, for example, in the boilers of the South Korean manufacturer Navien, reliable frost protection is provided. Navien is cheaper than European analogues, but these boilers have all the necessary protection functions, which greatly simplifies use.
When the coolant temperature drops below 10 ° C, the circulation pump starts automatically. If the coolant cools to 6 ° C, the burner will automatically turn on, warming the coolant to 21 ° C.
Ignition instruction
Heaters differ in the type of ignition, so when you start different modifications there are some nuances. Before turning on the device, you need to read the ignition instructions in order to do everything correctly. Consider the ignition on the example of the Italian boiler "Ariston". Before switching on, it is important to check the system for leaks. To this end, the thermostat is turned on to the maximum so that the switching automatically works. Ariston Ignition Process:
- the device is connected to the mains, and the desired temperature value is set by the heating controller;
- when you turn on the pump a little noise is heard;
- when all air congestion is eliminated in the pipes, the noise will disappear;
- electric ignition is triggered - the boiler turns on independently.
Self diagnosis
The operation of the heaters is simplified if they have a self-diagnosis function. Almost all European manufacturers equipped their products with it.
For example, the German Bosch heaters, displaying error codes on the display, allow the user to quickly understand the cause of the problem and take measures to eliminate it. If the code A7 appears on the screen, it is clear that the hot water temperature sensor is faulty.
If A8 is displayed, the connection to the BUS bus is broken. Such a function greatly simplifies the use of gas equipment, makes it easier and more comfortable.
Dangerous situations
The greatest danger is a malfunction associated with the operation of the burners. If the flame goes out, gas may accumulate in the room, which will subsequently cause an explosion. Reasons for the extinction of the fire:
- gas pressure has dropped below the permissible norm;
- no draft in the chimney;
- power supply has disappeared;
- the igniter went out.
In an emergency, it is necessary to immediately block the flow of fuel to the burners - automatically or manually. Modern versions are equipped with automation devices necessary for operational shutdown of equipment. The operation of such devices is not only convenient, but also safe.
How to prevent the accumulation of gas in the room
Modern safety standards include the installation of gas analyzers in boiler rooms, they are necessary for signaling when gas appears in the room. A special electronic valve responds to their signals, automatically stopping the flow of fuel to the burners.
What other safety regulations are there?
- Do not disassemble or dismantle gas devices yourself.
- Handle the power cord carefully.
- Do not place objects on top of the device.
- Do not stand on the boiler. Do not stand on chairs, tables or other objects that are unstable to clean the wall-mounted boiler.
- Monitor the coolant, top it up in time.
- Be careful - in some versions it is forbidden to use antifreeze.
- If you smell gas immediately turn off the gas, open windows and doors. Leave the boiler room and call the gas service.
To ensure that the operation of the domestic gas boiler is safe and uninterrupted, the user needs to familiarize themselves with the instructions for it in advance. Choosing models equipped with automation, the consumer increases the comfort of use and safety. Observing the rules for the use of gas appliances in everyday life, for their installation and maintenance, the number of emergencies can be minimized.