The presence of a heating element in the room requires compliance with fire safety rules. Fuel boilers, fireplaces and stoves transfer heat not only to the surrounding air, but also to any adjacent surfaces. Errors in wall decoration can cause increased heat leakage to the outside, increasing the risk of overheating and accidental fire. The use of special refractory materials is especially important in saunas, where the furnace is the main attribute. It is not necessary to use them only if the area allows you to comply with the specified distance to the walls:
- not less than 30 cm from brick stoves;
- not less than 70 cm from lined with internal heat-resistant finish;
- not less than 100 cm from metal.
If the stove is located closer to the wall, it must be insulated to ensure safety. Wooden walls and floors require additional protection in any case, as even a small spark can cause a fire. To create insulation, the heating element is installed on a heat-resistant surface, and shielding is applied on the walls - finishing the part of the room in which the furnace is located with panels that are heat-resistant and heat-saving metal sheets, stone slabs that have low thermal conductivity and are unable to corrode under the influence of an open flame, i.e. to burn.
Types of thermal protective materials
Refractory materials for walls differ in chemical composition, structure, heat-insulating, hygroscopic properties. Depending on the raw materials used, the following types are distinguished:
- organic - with a relatively low melting point, for example, polystyrene;
- inorganic - the most numerous class, includes basalt, fiberglass, polypropylene, fiber cement, honeycombs, vermiculite, foamed perlite;
- mixed - asbestos, silica.
Asbestos
Asbestos cement slabs and panels have long been used for thermal protection even at the construction stage, until its harmful properties for health were revealed. The substances contained in the composition are powerful carcinogens. But the refractory qualities of asbestos are among the highest. For several hours, this material is able to withstand temperatures up to 500 ° C, without changing its structure and strength. Used in the construction of ceilings, walls. Sheathing with asbestos panels is used to ensure fire safety of technical rooms. Additional asbestos pasting with ceramics or other environmentally friendly materials helps to reduce hazardous properties.
Cost from 230 rub. per sheet with a size of 1500x1000x6 mm.
Minerit
Fiber cement, or mineritic, plates are versatile. They are used for exterior decoration of buildings, wall sections in close proximity to heating elements. The composition of such materials includes cement, sand, limestone, cellulose. Minerite can withstand high temperatures, high humidity, shockproof, not subject to deformation. Many manufacturers pay attention to the external decor of the plates, which eliminates the need for additional decoration after installation.
A sheet measuring 630x1200 mm is estimated at 1363 rubles. according to Leroy Merlin's store.
Superisole
Refractory material based on calcium oxide and quartz with the content of iron oxides, aluminum and other metals. The sheets of superisole are lightweight, easy to process - you can cut them with a regular knife. At the same time, the material withstands temperatures up to 1000 ° C, has low thermal conductivity, which makes it one of the best for insulating heating elements, protective wall decoration, building partitions. The disadvantages include high fragility: superizole easily beats, not resistant to any mechanical stress.
Manufacturer | Sheet size mm | Price, rub |
Skamol A / S | 1000x1220x50 | 3100 |
Firecom ltd | 1000 × 610x30 | 2200 |
Glass Magnesium Sheets
The composition of refractories: expanded perlite, fiberglass, magnesium chloride, various synthetic fibers. They are used both for direct refractory sheathing of areas adjacent to heating devices, and for interior decoration of walls, ceiling ceilings, and fire-prevention substrates for roofing. Glass magnesium has good adhesion, low thermal conductivity, and is easy to process. The installation of the material is similar to the finish with drywall. The disadvantage is the difference in the technical properties of glass-magnesium sheets from manufacturers - it is unlikely to combine different brands.
Manufacturer | Sheet size mm | Price, rub |
RosMasterStroy | 1220x2440x12 | 830 |
Magelan | 1220x2500x6 | 683 |
Vermiculite
These are plates based on natural silicate mica with the addition of synthetic elements. Used for thermal insulation of fireplaces, stoves, boilers, as well as wall and ceiling ceilings. Vermiculite is an absolutely non-combustible and non-toxic material that retains heat well. The disadvantages include high hygroscopicity, for this reason, when used, it requires additional protection against moisture.
Manufacturer or supplier | Sheet size mm | Price, rub |
Furnace center | 1200x600x20 | 1500 |
Alexir | 1200x600x20 | 1200 |
Artcity | 1200x600x20 | 1100 |
Metal reflective screens
Polished to a mirror shine, sheet refractory materials made of steel or cast iron not only protect the walls from excessive heat, but also help maintain heat in the room, preventing it from leaking, and reflecting back inside. As fire protection, mainly stainless steel is used, which is characterized by better environmental friendliness. Ready-made reflective screens can consist of one layer or have a complex structure of several fastened with special heat-resistant mastics, glue and sealants.
Cost from 900 r. per sheet.
Terracotta
External finishing material for stoves, fireplaces and adjacent floor and wall sections. It is made on the basis of natural clay, eco-friendly, durable. It has good vapor permeability, making terracotta suitable for the manufacture of stoves in baths. Unglazed tiles are porous, often has a natural color: yellow, red, orange. Covered with heat-resistant glaze, it is more convenient to care for and looks more decorative, since it contains coloring pigments. An improved view of terracotta - majolica tile, consisting of several layers of refractory clay.
Brand | Size mm | Price, rub |
Old castle Mini Classic | 240x70 | 885 |
Chamotte Maxi | 263x123 | 795 |
Miami Mini Classic | 240x70 | 890 |
Clinker
The material is based on shale finely porous clay, similar to facing bricks. Available in the form of tiles without the addition of pigments, has a natural red-red or brown color. The advantage of clinker materials is their resistance to temperature changes - not only to fire, but also to severe frosts. Used for exterior decoration, as a lining unsuitable.
Manufacturer, brand | Size mm | Price, rub / m2 |
ASK-33 ArtStone Klinker | 240×71 | 1 190 |
WK-51 Westerwalder Klinker | 240×71 | 1 805 |
371 silberbeige Stroeher | 240×71 | 3 350 |
Porcelain Tiles
It is considered one of the most acceptable materials for facing furnaces and laying protective shields. The composition of porcelain stoneware includes quartz, granite, marble chips, oxides, metal salts. The structure is monolithic, able to withstand large temperature differences, good moisture resistance. Porcelain tile is suitable for imitation of natural marble, terracotta or other types of finishes.
Manufacturer, brand | Size mm | Price, rub / m2 |
Atlas Concorde Supernova Stone | 450x450x10 | 1 251 |
Kerranova Canyon | 600x600x10 | 1 440 |
Coliseumgres marche | 450x450x8 | 627 |
Tiles
Excellent natural tile material for both internal and external cladding of fireplaces or stoves based on clay. A distinctive feature is the sides for glue from the wrong side, which allows you to enhance the heat-saving properties. A significant drawback is the manual manufacture of elements, which implies a high cost. The use of tiles allows you to create a unique, safe and practical interior in a house, bath or sauna. You can safely touch the tiled stove with your hands, even when it is very hot.
The cost depends on the complexity of the work and starts from 300 rubles per tile.
Isolation of stoves in a bathhouse
If you plan to install a lined furnace, special chamotte materials are used that can withstand temperatures above 1300–1500 ° C: refractory bricks, mastics, glue, coatings for sealing joints. Many manufacturers produce fireclay kaolin wool, paper and cardboard.
Upon request, the stove is finished with stone, facing bricks, tiles, tiles. It is not bad if, as a protective screen, brick or tile masonry is also used, which retains heat and protects the room from fires. EIf the adjacent walls are constructed of combustible materials, heat-resistant cladding is used.
The screen for the bath stove is installed in series:
- If it is supposed to finish with hygroscopic plates, a waterproofing material is attached to the wall: kraft paper, film, foil. A clearance of 2-3 mm must be maintained between the wall and the insulation layer. For this, special ceramic bushings, a metal profile are used. Stainless steel or cast iron does not require additional waterproofing. Installation begins with the fastening of the insulation.
- A thermal insulation layer of about 1–2 cm thick is placed on the film. In this quality, mineral wool is used. The joints are sealed with aluminum tape.
- The selected refractory material is mounted on the prepared surface: fiber cement, asbestos sheet.
- Heat-reflecting metal screens made of stainless steel have good decorative properties and do not ask for additional decoration. On top of asbestos or vermiculite, you can lay terracotta, clinker or tiled tiles, if desired. This requires a metal mesh, which is attached to the refractory with self-tapping screws. Then ceramics are glued onto it.
Wall protection in the bath can be performed using a conventional metal roofing profile and metal pipes. Tubes are attached to wooden surfaces, profile sheets are mounted on them. Another level of pipes and metal scrolls from above to the same places. This creates insulation from heat and saves heat. This method is considered one of the most economical.
Proper installation of refractory finishes will allow you to retain heat for a long time, protect the room from accidental fire and will serve as an excellent element of the interior decor.