The floor in the frame house should be done on the wooden beams of the floors. Most often, the finished design is in contact with the outside air. This is due to the fact that the pile screw foundation is popular for the construction of light structures. Such supports lift the building above the ground, leaving a free space between it and the ceiling, which is blown through by air.
The device of the floor in the frame house requires its mandatory insulation. Without this, there is a high probability of mold and mildew, and walking on a cold surface is not a pleasant occupation.
Design cake
First of all, you need to make an overlap in the frame house. It will also be a black floor. The main floor beams must be securely fixed to the harness along the foundation - grillage.
It is important to know that waterproofing is required between metal piles and a wooden beam. It is necessary in order to protect elements that have different characteristics, especially natural humidity, from negative effects. For waterproofing, roll material is laid in two layers. You can use roofing material, linocrom or hydroisol. Sometimes obsolete roofing or glassine is found. It is not advisable to use them.
The supporting base of the floor of the frame house can be made in two ways:
- using the main beams;
- using primary and secondary beams.
Secondary beams or easier lags allow you to increase the pitch of the main beams. But this option increases the front of work, increases the consumption of materials and the thickness of the floor.
In the absence of secondary main beams are also used as logs. The correct pie in this case is as follows (listing from bottom to top):
- cranial bars with a cross section of up to 50x50 mm, which are attached to the side at the bottom of the supporting beams of the ceiling;
- board filing;
- moisture and wind protection;
- load-bearing beams with insulation between them;
- vapor barrier material;
- boards of a subfloor or a chipboard about 16 mm thick.
How to make a floor in a frame house
As floor beams, take a beam or edged board with a section of 5x15 cm on average. The exact dimensions depend on the span and pitch of the elements. The boards are set so that the larger side is vertical and the smaller side horizontally. When mounted on the contrary, the bearing capacity is greatly reduced.
All wooden elements must be treated with an antiseptic before use. Such a substance allows you to protect the floor cake in the frame house from decay and mold. Additionally, flame retardant treatment can be performed. This will increase the resistance of structures to fire and make the house safer.
To make the floor in the frame house with your own hands, the main floor beams and at the same time logs are fixed to the foundation grillage on piles. Elements must be laid on top. Side fastening does not provide high reliability. There are two ways: with or without cutting. Cutting allows you to securely fix the elements, but weakens the binding. For this reason, it is recommended to do without it.
As fixing tools use anchor bolts. They are fixed in the harness. To attach the beams, you will have to prepare holes in them. To do this, the lags are laid out on the anchor and hit the place of support with a hammer. A dent will remain in the right place. After making the holes, the floor beams are put in place, and on top of them the nuts are tightened to the anchors. It is additionally recommended to use washers. This is because small-section metal elements can be recessed into soft wood.
After installation of the main load-bearing structures, they proceed to securing the cranial bars. Such elements are necessary in order to lay binder boards on them. The bars are fixed on self-tapping screws, nails or studs. Dimensions are selected depending on the load: the mass of the binder and insulation, as well as the distance between the supporting beams. Most often, bars of 50x50 mm or less are used.
On the cranial bars make flooring. It will serve as a base for insulation. Mounting - on nails or screws. For the manufacture of a board treated with an antiseptic, a thickness of 25-40 mm. A waterproofing and windproof material is placed on the binder. It is fixed with a construction stapler, and the joints are glued with tape. The minimum overlap at the joints is 10 cm.
As a wind protection and waterproofing, it is recommended to use modern vapor diffusion moisture and windproof membranes. They replaced the films. The main advantage of this material is vapor permeability. The membrane does not interfere with the house "breathing" and effectively removes steam outside, protecting the insulation from moisture.
Between the supporting beams, a heater is laid. It must be protected from internal steam using vapor barrier. There is also a choice: films or membranes. When building your home, you should choose the best materials. But the membrane will cost more than the film.
The rough floor in the frame house is completed after the flooring device. Between him and the heater you need to leave a gap of 2-3 cm thick for ventilation. For flooring, a 40 mm thick edged board is used. Width is usually taken 100 mm. Like all other elements, the flooring must be impregnated with an antiseptic. The boards are fixed to the logs using nails or self-tapping screws. It is necessary to choose galvanized fasteners that are resistant to corrosion.
Read more about the device for overlapping wooden beams.
Floor insulation
For the insulation of floors, several types of materials are used. There is no limit on strength, since the insulation fits between the lag and does not perceive the payload.
Among the insulation options are widespread:
- mineral wool;
- Styrofoam;
- extruded polystyrene foam (“Penoplex”);
- penoizol (in the form of foam).
Mineral wool has become a popular option. This is justified by the favorable cost of the material, its availability and simplicity of technology. Another advantage is vapor permeability, cotton wool does not interfere with the natural ventilation of the building. In order not to have to cut the plates, it is recommended to assign a step lag so that between them in the light there remains a distance of 580 or 1180 mm. This will allow you to lay the insulation tightly and without scraps.
The disadvantages of mineral wool include the ability to absorb moisture. In this case, the material loses its ability to perform its function. To protect the insulation from moisture, good enough waterproofing and vapor barrier are enough. Check out the detailed article on mineral wool floor insulation.
There are several types of mineral wool. Basaltic in hard plates is best suited. Glass wool is inconvenient in operation, and slag is made from industrial waste.
The thickness of the insulation is prescribed by calculation depending on the climatic region. On average, this will be a value from 5 to 15 cm. For accurate calculations, it is recommended to use the TEREMOK program. It is easy to find in the public domain as a PC application or online version. For calculations, you will need to select a settlement from the list, the type of structure to be calculated, the thickness of the insulation and its thermal conductivity. The latest feature is easy to find from manufacturers.
Warm floor in the frame house
The construction of buildings with a warm water floor is gaining popularity. This option allows you to make your home comfortable without serious cost. Water heating costs much less than electric.
For laying pipes inside the cake, a special flooring design is used. In this case, the draft floor is recommended to be made from the board not 40 mm, but 50 mm. The flooring is not continuous, but sparse. The distance between the elements is selected so that between them it was possible to lay heat-reflecting plates with heating tubes inside.
Another floor construction in a frame house with water heating is done with a cement screed. The screed is poured over a continuous flooring over the load-bearing beams. Due to the increased load, the flooring is made with a thickness of 50 mm.
A plastic film is placed on the boards, which will prevent the flow of cement milk. Next, pour a screed with a thickness of 50-70 mm after first spreading water pipes on the floor. They must be completely hidden by concrete. A clean floor is laid on top of the screed.
The second method has a significant drawback - increasing the load on the floor. In addition, in the event of a breakdown in the heating system, you will have to break the screed. The first option allows you to simply disassemble the floor and reassemble it.